Jessica in Ther Merchant of Venice - 1181 Words

Jessica in The Merchant of Venice In The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare introduces his audience to the multi dimensional character of Jessica. Jessica is identified as the daughter of a Jewish Merchant but the audience learns she is much more than that. As the play moves along and Jessica marries a Christian man, Jessica’s identity as a Jewish woman is challenged. Although a minor character in the play, she is important because she makes the audience question what it means to be Jewish and therefore what it means to be Christian. The differences between Judaism and Christianity in the play are shown through Jessica’s relationships with Shylock and Lorenzo. The father daughter relationship that Jessica and Shylock share shows the†¦show more content†¦Her life with Lorenzo is one full of carefree fun and no material possessions. While her life with her father was one full of rules and restrictions. Once Jessica enters into this relationship with Lorenzo, the notion of what it means to be a Christian and what it means to be a Jew is questioned. Jessica’s two different lives represent the different stereotypes of the two religions. The Jewish people in this play are portrayed through Jessica and Shylock as being an old worldview of life. Shylock’s house is very strict, rule abiding, and oriented in hard work. While on the other hand, Lorenzo represents the New Testament, Christian view of the world where people are much more about living carefree and denouncing material possessions. When Jessica marries Lorenzo and becomes a Christian through marriage she also brings up another question about religion and what makes a person a Jew. Jessica is a Jew by birth but converts to Christianity through marriage. This brings about the question of is it birth or decision that makes a person a certain religion. Lancelot first brings this about when he claims that Jessica is damned because she was born Jewish in that he is referring to the fact that there is nothing she can do to undo being Jewish. The audience also sees many lines where the image of blood is brought up. Shylock refers to his daughter as â€Å"my own flesh and blood† (3.1.32) and Jessica states, â€Å"I am a daughter to his blood† (2.3.18).Show MoreRelatedEvaluation of Shylock as a Tragic Hero1165 Words   |  5 PagesShylock’s humiliation and sufferings can only be measured by someone who has experienced the alienation of a gross minority. From the very beginning of the play Shylock is a lonely man. His wife Leah ,whom he loves dearly ,is dead. His daughter Jessica is not much of a help, and infect adds to his loneliness. She betrays her father by robbing him of all his money after he had bestowed upon her the trust of his house. She not only takes the money but also marries Lorenzo, a Christian boy by changing

Linnaean Classification System (Scientific Names)

In 1735, Carl Linnaeus published his Systema Naturae, which contained his taxonomy for organizing the natural world. Linneaus proposed three kingdoms, which were divided into classes. From classes, the groups were further divided into orders, families, genera (singular: genus), and species. An additional rank beneath species distinguished between highly similar organisms. While his system of classifying minerals has been discarded, a modified version of the Linnaean classification system is still used to identify and categorize animals and plants. Why Is the Linnaean System Important? The Linnaean system is important because it led to the use of binomial nomenclature to identify each species. Once the system was adopted, scientists could communicate without the use of misleading common names. A human being became a member of Homo sapiens, no matter what language a person spoke. How to Write a Genus Species Name A Linnaean name or scientific name has two parts (i.e., is binomial). First is the genus name, which is capitalized, followed by the species name, which is written in lowercase letters. In print, a genus and species name is italicized. For example, the scientific name for the house cat is Felis catus. After the first use of a full name, the genus name is abbreviated using only the first letter of the genus (e.g., F. catus). Be aware, there are actually two Linnaean names for many organisms. There is the original name given by Linnaeaus and the accepted scientific name (often different). Alternatives to Linnaean Taxonomy While the genus and species names of Linneaus rank-based classification system are used, cladististic systematics is increasingly popular. Cladistics categorizes organisms based on traits that can be traced to the most recent common ancestor. Essentially, its classification based on similar genetics. Original Linnaean Classification System When identifying an object, Linnaeus first looked at whether it was animal, vegetable, or mineral. These three categories were the original domains. Domains were divided into kingdoms, which were broken into phyla (singular: phylum) for animals and divisions for plants and fungi. Phyla or divisions were broken into classes, which in turn were divided into orders, families, genera (singular: genus), and species. Species in v were divided into subspecies. In botany, species were divided into varietas (singular: variety) and forma (singular: form). According to the 1758 version (10th edition) of the Imperium Naturae, the classification system was: Animals Classis 1: Mammalia (mammals)Classis 2: Aves (birds)Classis 3: Amphibia (amphibians)Classis 4: Pisces (fish)Classis 5: Insecta (insects)Classis 6: Vermes (worms) Plants Classis 1. Monandria: flowers with 1 stamenClassis 2. Diandria: flowers with 2 stamensClassis 3. Triandria: flowers with 3 stamensClassis 4. Tetrandria: flowers with 4 stamensClassis 5. Pentandria: flowers with 5 stamensClassis 6. Hexandria: flowers with 6 stamensClassis 7. Heptandria: flowers with 7 stamensClassis 8. Octandria: flowers with 8 stamensClassis 9. Enneandria: flowers with 9 stamensClassis 10. Decandria: flowers with 10 stamensClassis 11. Dodecandria: flowers with 12 stamensClassis 12. Icosandria: flowers with 20 (or more) stamensClassis 13. Polyandria: flowers with many stamensClassis 14. Didynamia: flowers with 4 stamens, 2 long and 2 shortClassis 15. Tetradynamia: flowers with 6 stamens, 4 long and 2 shortClassis 16. Monadelphia; flowers with the anthers separate, but the filaments united at the baseClassis 17. Diadelphia; flowers with the stamens united in two groupsClassis 18. Polyadelphia; flowers with the stamens united in several groupsClassis 19. Syngenesia; flo wers with 5 stamens having anthers united at the edgesClassis 20. Gynandria; flowers having stamens united to the pistilsClassis 21. Monoecia: monoecious plantsClassis 22. Dioecia: dioecious plantsClassis 23. Polygamia: polygamodioecious plantsClassis 24. Cryptogamia: organisms that resemble plants but dont have flowers, which included fungi, algae, ferns, and bryophytes Minerals Classis 1. Petrà ¦ (rocks)Classis 2. Minerà ¦ (minerals)Classis 3. Fossilia (fossils)Classis 4. Vitamentra (possibly meant minerals with nutritional value or some vital essence) The mineral taxonomy is no longer in use. The ranking for plants has changed, since Linnaeus based his classes on the number of stamens and pistils of a plant. The animal classification is similar to the one in use today. For example, the modern scientific classification of the house cat is kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Carnivora, family Felidae, subfamily Felinae, genus Felis, species catus. Fun Fact About the Taxonomy Many people assume Linnaeus invented ranking taxonomy. In actuality, the Linnaean system is simply his version of ordering. The system actually dates back to Plato and Aristotle. Reference Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Plantarum. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. Retrieved 18 April 2015.

Job Stress - 3148 Words

Over the past few decades, many people are hearing more about job related stress. With many households depending on duel incomes, people are working more and having less leisure time. Many claim that job stress has contributed to such illnesses as heart disease, depression, gastric problems, exhaustion, and many other related illnesses. This paper will focus on the background issues surrounding stress; as well as, the steps that need to be taken by one#8217;s self and the employer. According to The Random House Dictionary, stress is defined as #8220;physical, mental, or emotional tension.#8221; Job stress occurs when demands are imposed upon the workers in which they can not meet those demands, or when there are not†¦show more content†¦136). At stage four, one can experience problems getting through the day. Once-pleasant activities become quite difficult, and the ability to communicate in social affairs or talking with friends becomes quite burdensome. There is more d ifficulty sleeping with the occurrence of unpleasant King 4 dreams. The stressed individual develops a feeling of negativism, inability to concentrate, and nameless fears. Stage five is represented by a deepening of the stage four symptoms along with extreme fatigue (Bensahel et al., 1984, p. 137). The final stage can produce terrifying symptoms. This can include heart pounding and panic caused by release of adrenaline. There is often gasping for breath, trembling, shivering, sweating, numb and tingling hands and feet, and sheer exhaustion. The symptoms of stress are frequently conflicting and confusing. #8220;The stress disorder is essentially a step-by-step exhaustion of the body#8217;s fuel reserves#8221; (Bensahel et al., 1984, p. 139) During the early 1980s, workers compensation claims nearly tripled for those reporting stress related illness due to work (Schor, 1991, p. 11). There has been a dramatic increase in the number of stress related illnesses, particula rly among women. Jobs have been a major contributing factor to this stress. Only one-forth of wives with children held paying jobs outside the home in the 1960s. By the 1990s, two-thirds of American wivesShow MoreRelated Job Stress Essay3039 Words   |  13 Pagesmore about job related stress. With many households depending on duel incomes, people are working more and having less leisure time. Many claim that job stress has contributed to such illnesses as heart disease, depression, gastric problems, exhaustion, and many other related illnesses. This paper will focus on the background issues surrounding stress; as well as, the steps that need to be taken by oneamp;#8217;s self and the employer. According to The Random House Dictionary, stress is definedRead MoreJob Stress : An Essential Component Of Communication1635 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered to be one such profession. Over the last 10 years, nurses consistently reported the highest levels of job stress out of all healthcare professionals (American Nurse Association, 2011). Job stress is noted to cause harmful physical, psychological and emotional responses which occur when the needs of the job do not meet the needs of the worker. Amongst nurses, the highest sources of stress are due to the heavy workload, poor management, professional conflicts, and the emotional demands of caringRead MoreJob Stress and Its Impact on Employee Performance18500 Words   |  74 PagesCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction to the topic People at work worry about all sorts of things; increasing competition for jobs, globalization, terrorism, looking after aging parent and relatives, annual appraisal, new technology, outsourcing of jobs along with increased demand of employer for higher productivity. These and some other factors make the employees experience certain pressures at times. Like they have to meet certain deadlines, cope with some unusual but critical situations on theirRead MoreAn Investigation into Related Job Stress and Job Satisfaction1050 Words   |  5 PagesCaribbean University to investigate the relation between job satisfaction and job stress among teachers. According to French Caplan (1972) job stress is as a result of a misfit between an individual and their environment. Research topic: â€Å"An investigation into related job stress and job satisfaction† Job Stress Among Teachers Related job stress and job satisfaction have been a topic researched by several scholars and now by me. The issue of stress in the teaching profession as caused a serious concernRead MoreEssay about Job Stress1011 Words   |  5 Pagesmeeting. Day after day it is the same thing at your job and you have become highly stressed out. In my paper I am going to explain why job stress happens and ways that you can relieve it. One type of stress is job stress. Job stress is when the stressors involved are work related. NIOSH the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health states, job stress is the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needsRead MoreEssay on Stress and Its Effects on Job Performance2642 Words   |  11 PagesStress and Its Effects on Job Performance Who of you worrying can add a single hour to his life? Since you cannot do this very little thing, why do you worry about the rest? -Luke 12:25-26 Whether you are talking to a college professor, a nuclear physicist, a doctor or the fifteen year-old flipping burgers at your neighborhood McDonalds, a common factor that ties all of their very different jobs together is job-related stress. Stress comes in many forms and it affects people in manyRead MoreThe Impact of Job Stress on Employees’ Productivity in an Organisation1960 Words   |  8 PagesIMPACT OF WORK STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’ PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY There has been an increasing amount of talk about â€Å"employee stress† over the past decade. Quite what it is and how best to combat it are two aspects which are rather less-documented. Stress is a more subjective topic than most we have so far encountered. People may have widely differing views about its causes, impacts and, even, very existence. The workplace of the 21st centuryRead MoreThe Impact of Mental Illnesses and Health Problems from Work-Related Stress on Employees in Office Jobs2507 Words   |  10 Pagesand Health Problems from Work-Related Stress on Employees in Office Jobs Introduction Year after year a behavioral change began to impact her life; she became irritable, fatigued and gained almost fifty pounds. She was no longer fun to be around and isolated herself away from everyone. Her kids would ask if she was okay and knew something was wrong. The work-related stress and harassment she received from her bosses triggered symptoms of depression. The job took place at Unknown Healthcare whereRead MoreImpact of Organizational Structure and Culture on Job Satisfaction, Job Stress and Employee Motivation: a Survey of Existing Litreature15110 Words   |  61 PagesIMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE ON JOB SATISFACTION, JOB STRESS AND EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION: A SURVEY OF EXISTING LITREATURE ABSTRACT Effectively managing human resources in the organizations is a big concern both for HR managers and the policy makers of the organization. To have a satisfied, motivated, less stressed performing workforce an organization must have consistency amongst its structure, system, people, culture and good fit with the strategy. In this paper an attempt has beenRead MoreJob Satisfaction, Work Attitude and Stress Tolerance of Public Elementary School Teachers3651 Words   |  15 PagesSCOPE INTRODUCTION Rationale of the Study Job satisfaction is simply how people feel about their jobs and different aspects of their jobs. It is the extent to which people like (satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs. As it is generally assessed, job satisfaction is an attitudinal variable. In the past, job satisfaction was approached by some researchers from the perspective of need fulfilment – that is, whether or not the job met the employee’s physical and psychological needs

Nestle Kasambuhay Habambuhay Films free essay sample

Sine Kasambahay started with the short film – â€Å"The Howl and the Fussyket† which showcased a family coming together for a declamation contest. With the drive to win, the mother tried to help her son (who had a â€Å"p and f† defect) in preparing for the competition by hiring a call-center agent and a stage actor to train him. It is really inspiring to see a mother so supportive of his son (even with his â€Å"p and f† defect). This is what can be called positive parenting. She was very careful with how she talked to her son, asking him if he really wanted to go through the contest. Filipino mothers are expected to be like this. They are the ones who stay at home to tend to the children, giving them all the support, love, care and attention that they need. Seeing Dennis Padilla (the dad) turn off his webcam while listening to his son’s speech showed the â€Å"Bahala ka na diyan. † attitude of Filipino fathers – leaving all family matters to their wives. Maybe because they are the ones tired at work, the bulk of the problems at home are handled by the mothers. In this short film, Eugene Domingo (the mom) showed the mothers in the modern times – a working mom. Even with a job, she never failed to support her children saying she will take a leave (and even forcing her daughter to go to the program) just to watch his son in the declamation contest. A lot of Filipino mothers are already working. This new trend sometimes eats the time of parents, especially mothers, for their children. When they arrive home, they are just too tired to attend to them. This film showed that it is possible to be there for them even if one parent is an OFW and another is also working. It also proved that families can be together (even if one is another country) through the use of technology. Another film in the collection, â€Å"Sali Salita† came in contrast with â€Å"The Howl and the Fussyket. † â€Å"Sali Salita† (a personal favorite) is about a mother who writes children’s storybooks but could not find time to create stories with her son. His grandfather provided the attention that the child needed, which the mom cannot provide. They filled up a can of milk with words, which they use to create (through their wild imagination) a tale of heroes fighting villains. In the end, the hero just needed a secret weapon – a mom showering his child love and attention. Also a story of a working mother, this film provided the audience with the reality of how busy mothers can be. One could see a neglected son acting up when he is with his yaya. When he tried apologizing to his mom for breaking her laptop, she did not seem to accept the apology. Instead she called, probably her publisher, apologizing to him. When in fact, in my opinion, she should be apologizing to her son for her negligence. Parents might say that they are working hard for the welfare of their children, providing them more than their basic physical needs but forgetting about their basic emotional needs. Needs that are very essential to a child’s development. Thank God for the arrival of the child’s grandfather, showering him with all the attention that he needed. In true â€Å"Kuya Bogie† style, they created a tale of Josh as the hero saving the queen (his mother) from the evil COMPUTER. Their story is basically the projection of what the child was feeling – he was fighting against the computer, which symbolized his mom’s work,. Work , which was engulfing his mom in its world where he was practically left out of the picture. Often in Filipino families, the grandparents are the ones who are showering their grandchildren with material things to the point of spoiling them. I usually see this scenario in my class. Lola or lolo is the one attending the Parent-Teacher Conference because the parents are just too busy with their work. One student told me that his lola pays for all their trips abroad. She is the one feeling sad when her grandson does not do well in school. â€Å"How about mommy? Where is she? â€Å" I asked. â€Å"Always on the phone. † Since a lot of Filipino women are joining the workforce, the children often find themselves in the care of their grandparents. There are pros and cons in this set-up. The good thing is the children are not just left with the yayas or in other countries the daycare. They are placed in the hands of family, which is great. But this leaves the parents complacent with their child’s well being. They feel that their children are well taken care of by their parents that they sometimes forget their own responsibility as parents. A film in the collection â€Å"Tingala sa Ibaba†, also showed how parents can neglect their children. The film is a satire featuring two children in a seesaw. One chubby child from a well to do family is always looking up at a lanky child from a poverty stricken family background when they are on a seesaw. The story shows how friendship between two people from different social backgrounds can change one’s perspective in life. The child from the well-to-do family was left in school alone his fetcher late. This is another usual scene in schools when parents are too busy to attend to their children. To kill time, he befriends a boy who remains to stay on top when they are on the seesaw. Maybe this lanky child is on top for many reasons. Even though he is from a poor family, one will notice the concern the father has for his child when his sister came to fetch him and said â€Å"Angelo, Angelo, hinahanap ka na ni Papa! † Here is a child from a poor family – his own FATHER looking for him compared to another from a rich family left alone because his DRIVER is late. One will not feel anything but pity for the latter. Feeling sorry for him, the lanky one devised a way to add weight to his side of the seesaw. He gave up the ice cream, gave it to his sister so she would agree to sit on his side. This gave the other boy a chance to experience being on top. Going back to â€Å"Sali-Salita†, another detail that I noticed in the film is the absence of the father. One may think that maybe the reason behind the mom’s concern for her job is because she is a single parent. She needs to work hard for her child to sustain the lifestyle that they have. But looking at their house, the presence of more than one house help and their possessions, maybe there is indeed a father. Maybe he is also just too caught up with work – an absentee father. The children are the ones who suffer in this situation. It is noticeable that parents who work hard but does not have time to be with their children, shower their children with the material things that they want. This is very evident with the toys that Josh has. This kind of children often grow up getting â€Å"spoiled. † Along with being spoiled, they do not learn the values that most of us, in our generation, learned from our parents. In this world which has become more materialistic than ever, money is very important. Parents buy their children PSPs, iPods, iPads and other very expensive toys. These material things will not teach them about life. These just expose them to things that are far worse. This â€Å"gadget-filled† lives of children were seen in â€Å"Unplugged†. In this film, a football team of young students went on a fieldtrip to the province. They met their coach’s grandfather there who pulled them away from a life full of technology and materialism. He taught them to live a simpler life, which means going back to nature. This also gives them the chance to discover new things for themselves. It teaches them to learn to appreciate life as it is. How one can wish that children can forget all their gadgets, just like what happened towards the end of the story. But there was a twist, when they went out looking for the grandfather, there he was†¦using a laptop TWEETING! Probably, this tells us that you can never really escape technology. People need to learn to use it to be more efficient. Even grandfathers can still learn and make their lives easier to connect to the world through technology. Going back to a family’s show of support, another film (a musical one this time) â€Å"Oh! Pa Ra Sa Ta U Wa Yeah! † also showcased this Filipino family trait. It is a story of family on a road trip. It is a continuation of the â€Å"Nestea-serye† which stars Nicos who is very much in love with Matina. Nicos’s father, showing full support to his son, shares with him an aged old heirloom that is an alphabetical manual on how their clan courted women. Nicos found himself confused with Matina’s mixed signals and the information given to him by her sister. As a function of a family, which is providing emotional support to its members, Nicos’ parents comforted him. A little pat on the back by his younger brother goes a long way especially for a distraught brother. It showed how great a family can be if the children are open to their parents. This openness probably roots from the confidence and security that their parents will support and help them. This is not the case in some families. Sometimes the parents and the teenage children are always in conflict. Teenagers do not confide in their parents. Usually, they run to their friends for help, especially in the matters of the heart. This film reminds me of a featured film entitled â€Å"Little Miss Sunshine† which starred Abigail Breslin, Greg Kinnear and Steve Carrell. This particular family went on a road trip to support their daughter in the Little Miss Sunshine beauty pageant. The family consisted of a father, a mother, brother, grandfather and an uncle. They rode in a Volkswagen Type 2 (Kombi) which is exactly the same car used in â€Å"Oh! Pa Ra Sa Ta U Wa Yeah! † The American film showed a dysfunctional family coming together for the little girl’s dream of winning in a beauty pageant. They finally came into terms with their differences and settled their personal issues through each other’s support. The long drive from Albuquerque to California gave them the chance to settle what needed to be settled. Another story about families is â€Å"Cooking Mo, Cooking Ko†. This story is reminiscent of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† (even the names of the characters are patterned after the famous play) The film started with two families who get along with each other but ends up fighting because of a carinderia competition. Busy with their family war, the parents did not notice the blossoming love between their children. Getting along with other families in the neighborhood is a must for Filipino families. This is very evident especially in the rural areas. They give each other ulam without any need for a reason like a special occasion. When one suddenly runs out of bigas, asin or asukal, they could just ask from their neighbors instead of going all the way to the bayan to buy. The Capule and Montano families manifested this at the start but because of the â€Å"copy-cat† mentality of Filipinos, the friendship between them did not last. They started a competition which each Filipino must have witnessed at one point in their lives. This â€Å"war† ironically ended when their children eloped and bore a child. This is another good trait of Filipinos, they learn to forgive easily especially when they are presented with a grandchild. Filipino grandchildren and grandparents form special bonds, which will be discussed more later. Another Filipino trait that was evident in this film is the principle of pangunguyog (from the root word kuyog). The whole colony of bees running after its target is the perfect example of pangunguyog. Filipino families have this tendency. When a family member has a fight with someone, the whole family will surely join in. In the film, when the couples came out of their houses bringing ladles, pots and even vegetables to attack their neighbors, every member of the family was with them. Proceeding to another life stage, â€Å"Downtown† (another personal favorite) featured a lonely aging Chinese man. One might think that he must be alone because of his wife’s passing away. The most welcome twist came when he started cleaning and fixing up his house and along with that, his life. When he was ready, he tried to win back his wife. If only this can be possible for all married couples who separate because of differences. In the United States, divorce is legal. This makes it easier for married couples to file for separation. A perfect example of this is Kim Kardashian’s marriage to Kris Humphries where they were just married for 72 days! For a people giving importance to the sacred sacrament of marriage, this is not yet true in the Philippines. One can file for legal separation or an annulment if he finds himself wanting to get out of the marriage. Annulment can take a pretty long while to settle and can cost lots of money. Filipinos should be thankful that some family values are still intact. Husbands and wives really do try to settle their differences before really separating. Sometimes it does work out, sometimes it does not. There is also a growing number of married couples getting separated here in the Philippines. Some, which in my opinion is not right, are staying together for their children. This shows how much Filipinos care for keeping the family together. This also shows the great love of some Filipino parents to their children. Imagine this old man, turning his life around, just to win his wife back! For some, this is unfathomable. Husbands or wives cannot even tweak some little things in themselves to save their marriage. They remain selfish and continue with what they stubbornly think is right without realizing that changing can actually save their relationship. It gives me goose bumps when I hear of couples celebrating their 50th anniversary or even their 60th! What a life these couples had with each other! When their stories are heard, their married lives are not as blissful as everybody thinks. Of course they also went through challenges but because of their love, trust and commitment to one another, they remained strong through adversities. They would say that it has been a life of compromises and adjustments. Main point: married life is not easy but if there is true love, trust and commitment between couples, anything is possible and probable – just like that old Chinese man who lives in Downtown who did all that he could to win his wife back. Just like Chinese old man in â€Å"Downtown† and Angelo in â€Å"Tingala sa Ibaba†, the young handsome policeman in â€Å"Silup† had to sacrifice something in his life for another person dear to him. This film is about the dangerous life of a cop. A cop, despite his good looks, bravery and noble job, choosing to remain single. Why, you might ask? Well, one will not fail to notice his routine of taking out cans of milk and replacing them with his gun. Eventually, the audience finds out about his family life involving his dear old grandmother. Here are two people in two different life stages: the silup who is a young adult, who at this stage could already start a family, but chooses not to and his grandmother, a dependent elder, who needs daily care and unable to perform all personal functions. The silup chose to be single to take care of his aging grandmother. Probably this is his way of paying his grandmother back for taking care of him. This is common practice in Filipino families. Children learn to give back to their parents, in monetary form, once they start working. When these parents get older, one of their children is expected to live with them to take care of them until the end. The silup and his grandmother’s situation is not at all uncommon in our culture. Some children are left to be taken care of by their grandparents. One or two grandchildren grow up under their grandparents’ supervision. Sometimes they take on the role of the real children in looking after the grandparents when they get sick or until they breathe their last breath. This is to attest that Filipinos cannot just leave their family behind, especially the elderly. In other countries, it is a practice that the elderly are left in nursing homes. This is one of the best traits of Filipinos, they have high regard for the elderly. They know how to be grateful to these people who I am sure also sacrificed a lot just to tend to their children and their grandchildren. In the film â€Å"Sali-Salita†, one can witness the special bond between the grandfather and Josh. His grandfather was the one who showered him with love and attention, which he craved. This kind of special relationship cannot be severed by anyone or anything. Josh might even grow up to be that courageous policeman who sacrificed living his own life just to take care of an aging grandparent (just like that honorable man in â€Å"Silup†) The final two films display the Filipinos’ belief in the supernatural. Very similar to Nora Aunor’s â€Å"walang himala† movie, â€Å"Isang Tasang Pangarap† is about Elias who acquired a power of telling the future using the person’s coffee cup. He then understood the responsibility that came with this special power. The film started with a scene showing Elias contented with his life. All he wanted is to drink a cup of coffee. This reflects some Filipinos’ contentment with simple life. They find joy even if living in the slums. People often wonder why Filipinos can still smile even through tough times. When you pass through the road between Quezon Ave and East Ave (passing by NIA Road), you will notice a whole lot of illegal settlers in the area. But every time you will pass by, you will seldom see a sad crowd. You will witness children playing on the dangerous street, men drinking alcoholic beverage on the same street or women talking with each other. These people seem contented like Elias. According to the Social Weather Stations, in a survey done in 2008 with the question â€Å"If you were to consider your life in general these days, how happy or unhappy would you say you are on the whole. Are you†¦ †. The percentage of their response is shown in the table below: | URBAN| RURAL| Very happy| 25| 33| Fairly happy| 49| 47| Not very happy| 22| 16| Not at all happy| 4| 4| One will see that Filipinos are fairly happy. But we have to take in consideration the fact that people may hide their true feelings when it comes to surveys. Sometimes, Filipinos try to hold on to HOPE. Hope is a very powerful driving force in their lives, in anyone’s life probably. When Elias received the power of reading the fortunes of people through looking at the bottom of their coffee mugs, the people of San Luis found hope in him. Some of the people in the film made their lives revolve around him (like the Indian national and his goons). Dressing him up like Jesus (with the crown, white dress with a red cape), he was brought out to be praised. In this activity, his most beloved coffee cup broke. He was the one who lost all hope when this happened. His source of happiness vanished with his want to be the bearer of hope to his townspeople. Filipinos are also fans of fortune-telling. This is evident before the current year ends and the new year starts when people are bombarded with fortune tellers giving us ideas on what will happen the next year. When one goes to Quiapo, he will be welcomed with rows of fortune-tellers just outside the Quiapo church (How ironic! ). Tarot cards, a person’s palm or the alignment of the stars and the planets are just few of the means on how fortune-tellers apparently see a person’s future. May this be true or not, Filipinos are mainly looking for HOPE of better days ahead of them. Families, especially in rural areas, often go to a faith healer or an albularyo for healing physical, mental and sometimes emotional sickness. When they hear of miracles in the form of a person being healed by someone, Filipinos go to this healer. The reasons can vary from truly wanting to be healed to nakikiusisa lang. Filipinos love to be in the know. This is very evident when there is an accident on the road. Expect heavy traffic if this is the case. People will surely be slowing down to look at or watch the accident. Another shameful proof of this is the hostage incident in the Grandstand in Manila where the usiseros bombarded the bus once the hostage taker was killed. Finally, the film â€Å"Sign Seeker† is about a young man seeking for divine outrageous signs to finally ask a girl out. To his surprise, he found them materializing right before his eyes. With his fear for rejection, he still kept on denying himself of what he really wanted. Filipinos are also sign seekers. Some Filipino families yearning for wealth often bet in the lottery. Choosing the numbers for the lottery is not a random act for most Filipinos. For example, one mom takes in consideration the initials of the names of her family members. These initials correspond to a certain number and these numbers are what she will use in betting. But Filipinos should learn from what Elias made his townspeople realize: â€Å"Walang himala, nasa puso ng tao ang himala. Kayo ang gumagawa ng sarili ninyong tadhana. † If Filipinos only live following this precious advice from a very contented man like Elias, they would make their own miracles. This way, they would find true happiness in life. All these films truly reflect the Filipinos way of life. Watching these films will surely make the audience laugh, cry and even reflect on their own lives. Nestle, in its 100 years of existence, has truly provided its consumers products that they will continue to use another hundred years from now. Through these Nestle Kasambuhay Habambuhay short films, it also captured the people’s hearts and minds on what Filipinos and Filipinos families truly are.